Snatch vs Clean & Jerk: Olympic Lifts Compared

Before understanding whether it is necessary to compare and look for similar elements in clean and snatch, let’s look at the features of these exercises. This article will help athletes and coaches improve their understanding of the biomechanics of these movements in order to improve the quality of lifting and the design of programs.

What is Snatch?

Snatch is one of the exercises in Olympic weightlifting. During the competition, the snatch is performed first, and after it, the athletes perform the second exercise – Clean & Jerk. Snatch is a technically complex movement that requires speed, strength, agility, flexibility and mobility of the main joints

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How to Do Snatch?

The Olympic Snatch consists of five phases:

1. Starting Position

The athlete takes the bar in hookgrip with a wide (snatch) grip, sits down and arches his back. In this position, the projection of the athlete’s shoulders should be slightly in front of the knees. The center of gravity is in the middle of the foot, and the arms are straight and relaxed.

2. First Pull

The athlete pulls the bar from the platform as close to the legs as possible. His tasks: to maintain balance in the middle of the foot, cover the barbell with his shoulders, keep the muscles of the arms relaxed. The pull is performed until the moment when the athlete brings the barbell into the power position, the so-called “contact point”.

3. Second Pull

Pull continues above the knees… With the barbell at the contact point, the athlete sharply extends the knees and hips,  basically jumping up and actively directing their elbows up.

4. Power Position

At the peak of the second pull, the athlete achieves a power position by fully extending their body and directing their elbows up.

5. Turnover

After full extension, the athlete instantly switches the direction of movement of his body down, fixing the bar above his head on straight arms in a low squat position.

6. Receive

In the receiving phase, the athlete catches the barbell above their head while in a squat position, maintaining stability and control.

7. Recovery

From the overhead squat position, the athlete stands up on straight legs with the barbell still held securely above their head.

At competitions, after fixing the barbell, the judge gives the command to the athlete to lower the barbell to the platform.

What is Clean/Clean & Jerk?

The clean and jerk is also one of the exercises in Olympic weightlifting. During the competition, the clean and jerk is performed second.

Olympic clean and jerk is definitely a powerful and complex movement. It is clear from the name that it is divided into two sections.The first part – CLEAN: the athlete pulls the bar off the platform and lifts it to his shoulders, then JERK it off his shoulders in overhead position.

There are 3 JERK styles:

• split jerk – pushing the bar overhead into an athletic lunge
• power jerk – the athlete pushes the bar from his shoulders, spreads his feet to the sides approximately shoulder-width & fixes the bar above his head in a semi-squat, then straightens his knees
• squat jerk – the athlete copies the power jerk movement, but when fixing the bar above his head, he takes the position of a full squat, then rises to the fixation position

For the attempt to be recognized as successful by the judges, the athlete must hold the weight above his head on straight arms, straighten his legs, placing his feet parallel.

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How To Do Clean?

Clean is a first part of Olympic exercise Clean & Jerk and it consist of 5 phases:

1. Starting Initial Position

The goal of the starting position is the effective angles for the pull and acceleration. The athlete places his feet shoulder-width apart, the feet are turned slightly to the sides, the balance is in the middle of the foot, the lower back is arched, the hands are in a hookgrip slightly wider than the shoulders

2. First Pull

The athlete lifts the bar slowly, keeping it close to the legs, balance in mid-foot. Shoulders are over the bar and arms are relaxed until the bar passes the knees.

3. Second Pull

Once the bar passes the knees, the athlete should explosively extend their hips, knees, and ankles to drive the bar up. This should almost look like a jump because it’s so powerful.

4. Turnover & Catch

Right after full extension of the body, when the barbell is at the level of mid torso, the athlete changes his direction of movement down, rotates his elbows as quickly as possible and catches the bar in a low squat.

5. Recovery

After fixing the barbell on the shoulders in a deep squat position, the athlete must stand up. The fast transition from eccentric to concentric muscle mode is an essential technical component of the recovery period.

This is the muscular contraction that occurs as you descend to full squat and quickly stand back up. After lifting from a squat, the lifter has a couple of seconds to prepare for the jerk.

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The Difference Between Snatch and Clean

The story when they say about an athlete that he is a master of a snatch, but it didn’t work out with a C&J, is quite common. On the contrary, it also happens: when in a snatch of three attempts the athlete barely twists into one, and then in the clean and jerk you need to jump over all rivals in order to “catch” on the medal.

That is why the question of the differences between snatch vs clean and jerk is very important.

One of the reasons for these problems is that coaches and athletes do not see the difference in technique between the two exercises. Therefore, training and learning are carried out according to the same requirements, which ultimately leads to the fact that the technical skill of one of their exercises suffers.

While some argue that you should focus on deadlifts before attempting cleans, many people successfully do power cleans or clean pulls without including deadlifts into their routine. It’s possible to master the power clean directly and still achieve excellent results.

So what is the difference between snatch and clean?

Let’s start with the fact that a fairly large number of technical parameters of these exercises differ not only visually, but statistically. Back in 1978, Soviet sports scientists (V. Frolov, A. Lukashev) conducted research and came to a number of conclusions.

Basically, the differences are associated with a significantly higher weight (14-30% on average) and a narrower grip in the clean. In the starting position, the upper body is 10-15 cm higher than in the snatch.

The angles in the knee joints in cleanest (average 89°) are greater than in the snatch (74°) by 15° (20%). It should be noted that in clean all phases of the movement, the angles in the knee joints are more open.

In clean the pull lasts longer (0.52 s) than in the snatch (0.45 s), primarily due to the difference in the weight of the bar.

If we compare the time indicators of the transition and the full extension phase in two exercises, then in the snatch the transition is shorter (0.13 s) than the full extension (0.17 s), and vice versa in the clean – the transition is longer (0.15 s) than the full extension (0.13 s).

First of all, the transition in the clean is longer than in the snatch, because the weight of the bar is much greater, and the speed of movement is less. The full extension is faster, since in the clean, the body is more vertical, that is, its angle of inclination is less

Another important technical snatch vs clean: when performing a snatch with a wide grip, it is almost impossible to use the elastic properties of the bar, and the path of application of efforts is much longer than in clean.

Therefore, the decisive factor in the success of the snatch is the technical component, namely the maximum speed and the maximum height.

That is why, success in the snatch directly depends on: the speed of contraction of the athlete’s muscles, the reactivity of the nervous system and the vector of application of efforts, that is, on the level of technical skill.

In the clean, the result very much depends on the ability to use the elastic properties of the barbell. The head coach of the USSR national team Alexei

Medvedev investigated this issue back in 1986. In the clean, a double accentuated application of efforts is necessary – in pull and in power position. A more powerful pull is needed in order to use the elastic properties of the barbell and achieve maximum speed in this short section.

Also, the acceleration power allows you to “free yourself” for a short time to switch the work of the muscles of the legs, torso and arms from the extension mode to the turnover and create rigidity for receiving the barbell in the squat. In order for this element to be possible, active efforts must be applied already in the pull.

It is important to remind athletes that a too powerful or explosive start of movement in snatch and clean, in which the force on the support will exceed 150%, can lead to the loss of rigid interaction between the links of the body in the pulling or power position phase, which will inevitably lead to a series of errors in subsequent phases of the movement.

If we compare the forces applied to the support, then in the clean they are less than in the snatch (by 5-8%) in the pull and power position. This is due to the weight and the length of the path of the applied efforts.

Thus, this comparative analysis clean vs snatch indicates the biomechanical differences. Therefore, it is NOT recommended for BEGINNERS athletes to combine exercises aimed at improving the technique of both exercises in one session.

Performing in one session is only acceptable during the competitive period, when the goal of the training is to prepare the athlete for the stressful conditions of the competition.

So, what does all of this mean for you? Basically, it means that the clean relies more on strength and the elastic properties of the barbell, while the snatch depends on speed and technical precision. Beginners should train these lifts separately to avoid technical errors and improve performance.

FAQ

Is a Snatch Harder Than a Clean?

The most common answer is that snatch is more technically difficult and clean requires way more strength. In general, you ought to be able to clean more than snatch. This is due to the fact that you can or at least should be able to front squat way more than you can overhead squat.

What’s the Difference Between a Clean and Jerk and a Snatch?

The Clean & Jerk lets you employ all of your unbridled strength, whereas the snatch is all about form, coordination, and mobility. Both movements increase muscular mass, speed, and strength.

Conclusion

Thus, this analysis points to the biomechanical differences between the snatch and the clean. Understanding this will allow coaches and athletes to more consciously select assistance exercises for training programs. And now it’s your turn! Are you team snatch or clean? What are your fitness goals with either one? Let me know in the comments!

Also read:

• Power Snatch
• Snatch Pull
• CLEAN & JERK
• Clean Pull
• Hang Muscle Snatch Exercise
• Hang Clean Pull
• Hang Snatch High Pull

References:

1. Photos are made by Torokhtiy Media team.